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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>35.15. syslog — Unix syslog library routines — Python 2.7.5 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '2.7.5', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="35. 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Unix Specific Services</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-syslog"> <span id="syslog-unix-syslog-library-routines"></span><h1>35.15. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">syslog</span></tt></a> — Unix syslog library routines<a class="headerlink" href="#module-syslog" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>This module provides an interface to the Unix <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">syslog</span></tt> library routines. Refer to the Unix manual pages for a detailed description of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">syslog</span></tt> facility.</p> <p>This module wraps the system <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">syslog</span></tt> family of routines. A pure Python library that can speak to a syslog server is available in the <a class="reference internal" href="logging.handlers.html#module-logging.handlers" title="logging.handlers: Handlers for the logging module."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">logging.handlers</span></tt></a> module as <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SysLogHandler</span></tt>.</p> <p>The module defines the following functions:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="syslog.syslog"> <tt class="descclassname">syslog.</tt><tt class="descname">syslog</tt><big>(</big><em>message</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#syslog.syslog" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">syslog.</tt><tt class="descname">syslog</tt><big>(</big><em>priority</em>, <em>message</em><big>)</big></dt> <dd><p>Send the string <em>message</em> to the system logger. A trailing newline is added if necessary. Each message is tagged with a priority composed of a <em>facility</em> and a <em>level</em>. The optional <em>priority</em> argument, which defaults to <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_INFO</span></tt>, determines the message priority. If the facility is not encoded in <em>priority</em> using logical-or (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_INFO</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">LOG_USER</span></tt>), the value given in the <a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></tt></a> call is used.</p> <p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></tt></a> has not been called prior to the call to <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">syslog()</span></tt></a>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></tt> will be called with no arguments.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="syslog.openlog"> <tt class="descclassname">syslog.</tt><tt class="descname">openlog</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>ident</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>logoption</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>facility</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#syslog.openlog" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Logging options of subsequent <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">syslog()</span></tt></a> calls can be set by calling <a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></tt></a>. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">syslog()</span></tt></a> will call <a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></tt></a> with no arguments if the log is not currently open.</p> <p>The optional <em>ident</em> keyword argument is a string which is prepended to every message, and defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.argv[0]</span></tt> with leading path components stripped. The optional <em>logoption</em> keyword argument (default is 0) is a bit field – see below for possible values to combine. The optional <em>facility</em> keyword argument (default is <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_USER</span></tt>) sets the default facility for messages which do not have a facility explicitly encoded.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="syslog.closelog"> <tt class="descclassname">syslog.</tt><tt class="descname">closelog</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#syslog.closelog" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Reset the syslog module values and call the system library <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">closelog()</span></tt>.</p> <p>This causes the module to behave as it does when initially imported. For example, <a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></tt></a> will be called on the first <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">syslog()</span></tt></a> call (if <a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></tt></a> hasn’t already been called), and <em>ident</em> and other <a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></tt></a> parameters are reset to defaults.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="syslog.setlogmask"> <tt class="descclassname">syslog.</tt><tt class="descname">setlogmask</tt><big>(</big><em>maskpri</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#syslog.setlogmask" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the priority mask to <em>maskpri</em> and return the previous mask value. Calls to <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">syslog()</span></tt></a> with a priority level not set in <em>maskpri</em> are ignored. The default is to log all priorities. The function <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_MASK(pri)</span></tt> calculates the mask for the individual priority <em>pri</em>. The function <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_UPTO(pri)</span></tt> calculates the mask for all priorities up to and including <em>pri</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The module defines the following constants:</p> <dl class="docutils"> <dt>Priority levels (high to low):</dt> <dd><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_EMERG</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_ALERT</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_CRIT</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_ERR</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_WARNING</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_NOTICE</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_INFO</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_DEBUG</span></tt>.</dd> <dt>Facilities:</dt> <dd><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_KERN</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_USER</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_MAIL</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_DAEMON</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_AUTH</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_LPR</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_NEWS</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_UUCP</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_CRON</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_SYSLOG</span></tt> and <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_LOCAL0</span></tt> to <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_LOCAL7</span></tt>.</dd> <dt>Log options:</dt> <dd><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_PID</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_CONS</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_NDELAY</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_NOWAIT</span></tt> and <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOG_PERROR</span></tt> if defined in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><syslog.h></span></tt>.</dd> </dl> <div class="section" id="examples"> <h2>35.15.1. Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <div class="section" id="simple-example"> <h3>35.15.1.1. Simple example<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>A simple set of examples:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">syslog</span> <span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Processing started'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">error</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LOG_ERR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'Processing started'</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>An example of setting some log options, these would include the process ID in logged messages, and write the messages to the destination facility used for mail logging:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">openlog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">logoption</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LOG_PID</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">facility</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LOG_MAIL</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'E-mail processing initiated...'</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">35.15. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">syslog</span></tt> — Unix syslog library routines</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">35.15.1. Examples</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#simple-example">35.15.1.1. Simple example</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="nis.html" title="previous chapter">35.14. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nis</span></tt> — Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="commands.html" title="next chapter">35.16. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commands</span></tt> — Utilities for running commands</a></p> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/library/syslog.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%"> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="commands.html" title="35.16. commands — Utilities for running commands" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="nis.html" title="35.14. nis — Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="unix.html" >35. 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